The piriformis is a deep buttock muscle. It extends from the sacrum (inner part of the pelvis) to the greater trochanter of the femur (outer part of the hip).
Its main functions are external hip rotation, hip abduction, lateral leg movement, stabilization of the pelvis during movement, contributing to balance.
Piriformis Syndrome is a painful condition caused by compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle.
The pain is associated with tingling and numbness, which radiates from the buttock
down the leg and foot, similar to sciatica > pseudosciatica.
Symptoms usually appear while sitting or during physical activity such as running and cycling: deep buttock pain, tingling or numbness down the leg.
Piriformis Syndrome is diagnosed through physical testing.
Common causes are: sedentary posture (office, car), weak glutes or tight hamstrings > compensation, high-impact sports (running, cycling, gym), minor trauma or uncontrolled micro-strains.
Treatment
Good recovery is achieved within a few days or weeks with kinesiology or physiotherapy (stretching, massage), rest, and sometimes medication. With careful attention, stretching, and targeted strengthening, tension and relapses are reduced.
Practical prevention strategies
• Targeted piriformis/gluteal stretching exercises
• Core and gluteal strengthening
• If sitting for long periods, take a break and move
• Dedicated breathing to reduce tension and pain.